Usage Notice : All the Air Quality data are unvalidated at the time of publication, and due to quality assurance these data may be amended, without notice, at any time. The World Air Quality Index project has exercised all reasonable skill and care in compiling the contents of this information and under no circumstances will the World Air Quality Index project team or its agents be liable in contract, tort or otherwise for any loss, injury or damage arising directly or indirectly from the supply of this data.
Credits All the EPA in the world for their excellent work in maintaining, measuring and providing Air Quality information to the world citizens This product includes GeoLite2 data created by MaxMind, available from maxmind.
This product includes GeoNames city information, available from geonames. Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk. Fr: organisateur. Fr: afficher. Fr: « Affichez ident ». SSR code A four-digit octal number received from the aircraft transponder when it is interrogated by a secondary surveillance radar SSR.
Fr: code SSR. SSR mode A letter or number assigned to a specific pulse spacing of the interrogation signals transmitted by an interrogator. SID s may be either:. Each standard instrument departure SID procedure is presented as a separate chart and may serve a single airport or more than one airport in a given geographical location. Each standard terminal arrival STAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and may serve a single airport or more than one airport in a given geographical location.
Fr: « Attendez ». State aircraft 1 Canada: An aircraft owned by and used exclusively in the service of a government in Canada or a foreign state.
Fr: station. STOL aircraft Other expression for: short takeoff and landing aircraft. Fr: plan de vol avec escales. Fr: « Cessez d'afficher ». Fr: approche directe 2 An IFR approach in which the aircraft begins the final approach without first having executed a procedure turn PT.
Fr: approche directe. Flight levels FL that are inappropriate for the direction of flight may be assigned to this traffic. Fr: vol subsonique. Fr: vol supersonique. Regular observations are made on the hour, and special observations are made as necessary to report a significant change in the weather.
Fr: surveillance. Fr: approche au radar de surveillance 2 U. Military: An instrument approach wherein the air traffic controller issues instructions, for pilot compliance, based on aircraft position in relation to the final approach course azimuth and the distance range from the end of the runway as displayed on the controller's radar scope.
The controller will provide recommended altitudes on final approach if requested by the pilot. Fr: radar de surveillance. Automatic activation may apply. Fr: discrimination des objectifs. Fr: surveillant de cible. These charts are identified by the official airport name. Fr: carte de circulation. Fr: plan de circulation au sol. Note: Used in conjunction with one or several taxiways. Fr: « Circulez via… ». Fr: feux de voie de circulation. Telephone Information Briefing Service U.
In the standard TAA , there are three areas: straight-in, left base, and right base. The arc boundaries of the three areas of the TAA are published portions of the approach and allow aircraft to transition from the en-route structure direct to the nearest IAF. TAAs will also eliminate or reduce feeder routes, departure extensions, and procedure turns or course reversal.
Note: This type of unit no longer exists, but the term is still widely used. The altitude of the aircraft will constantly change with varying terrain and obstacles. TFR U. Fr: seuil. Fr: feux de seuil. TIBS U.
Fr: heure d'activation. Fr: coup de chalumeau. Fr: plate-forme de poser. Note: The touchdown point, as defined above, is only a datum and is not necessarily the actual point at which the aircraft will touch the runway. Fr: point d'atterrissage. Fr: RVR au point de poser. The lights are unidirectional, showing in the direction of approach to landing.
Fr: marque de zone de poser. It is not hazardous, even when de-icing or anti-icing equipment is not utilized, unless encountered for periods of more than 1 hr. Fr: route. Fr: renseignements sur le trafic.
Fr: « Trafic en vue ». Fr: vol transfrontalier. Fr: transition 2 A published procedure used to connect the basic standard instrument departure SID to one or more en-route airways or to connect one or more en-route airways to the basic standard terminal arrival STAR. Fr: transition 3 Other expression for: feeder route. Fr: altitude de transition. Fr: niveau de transition. It is the measurement source for determining runway visual range RVR. Fr: transpondeur. Fr: code de transpondeur.
Transportation Safety Board of Canada The federal agency conducting independent investigations and public inquiries into transportation occurrences, including aviation occurrences, to advance transportation safety. Transport Canada The federal authority responsible for the regulation of civil aviation. Transport Canada Aeronautical Information Manual A primary Transport Canada publication of aeronautical information intended to serve as a pre-flight reference source for pilots and that contains information essential to aircraft operations in Canadian Domestic Airspace CDA.
It consolidates information of a lasting nature into a single document. Topics covered are general flight information, communications, meteorology, rules of the air and ATC procedures, entry and departure requirements for international flights, search and rescue, aeronautical charts and publications, licensing and registration, health, and airmanship.
TRSA U. Note: True airspeed is used primarily in flight planning and the en-route portion of flight. Fr: nombre de Mach vrai. TWEB U. UAS U. Fr: « Incapable ». This designation also applies during the non-operational period when an established control tower is on reduced hours part time. Fr: en marche. An urgent PIREP includes information on the following: a volcanic ash; b tornadoes, funnel clouds, waterspouts; c severe turbulence; d severe icing; e hail; f low-level wind shear; and g any other reported weather phenomena considered to be hazardous or potentially hazardous to flight operations.
The user agency shall be identified for Class F restricted areas, military operations areas, and danger areas and, where possible, should be identified for Class F advisory areas. Fr: organisme utilisateur. VDP U. Fr: espacement vertical. These aircraft include, but are not limited to, helicopters. Fr: vertige. Fr: vol VFR. VFR holding procedure The holding of aircraft in an orbital path around selected prominent geographical locations that can be easily recognized from the air.
VFR navigation chart An aeronautical chart using a scale of designed for visual navigation of slow- or medium-speed aircraft. Topographic information on these charts features the portrayal of relief and a judicious selection of visual checkpoints for VFR flight. Aeronautical information includes visual and radio aids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace, restricted areas, obstacles, and related data. VFR -on-top U. Note: VFR -on-top is not permitted in Canada. VFR over-the-top A VFR flight during daylight in which a pilot climbs in visual meteorological conditions VMC , proceeds en-route above inclement weather, and descends in VMC at a destination that had been forecast for conditions surpassing VMC for a period extending before and after the estimated time of arrival ETA.
VFR terminal area chart An aeronautical chart using a scale of that depicts terminal control area TCA airspace, which provides for the control or segregation of all aircraft within the TCA. The chart depicts topographic information and aeronautical information, which includes visual and radio aids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace, restricted areas, obstacles, and related data. Fr: approche visuelle. Fr: espacement visuel. VTOL aircraft Other expression for: vertical takeoff and landing aircraft.
WAAS U. The purpose of such warning areas is to warn nonparticipating [sic] pilots of the potential danger.
A warning area may be located over domestic or international waters or both. Unlike ". Once a maneuver [sic] has been initiated, the pilot is expected to continue until the specifications of the instructions have been met.
Note: "When able. Shadows, the horizon, and clouds are not discernible; depth perception and the sense of orientation are lost; and only very dark, nearby objects can be seen. Whiteout occurs over an unbroken snow cover and beneath a uniformly overcast sky when, with the aid of the snowblink effect, the light from the sky is about equal to that from the snow surface.
Blowing snow may be an additional cause. Fr: voile blanc. Note: A wildlife strike is deemed to have occurred whenever. Fr: indicateur de direction du vent. Note: Wind shear can exist in a horizontal or vertical direction and occasionally in both.
As an airfoil moves through the atmosphere in sustained flight, an area of high pressure is created beneath it and an area of low pressure is created above it. The air flowing from the high-pressure area to the low-pressure area around and about the tips of the airfoil tends to roll up into two rapidly rotating vortices, cylindrical in shape. These vortices are the predominant parts of aircraft wake turbulence and their rotational force is dependent upon the wing loading, gross weight, and speed of the generating aircraft.
The vortices from medium to heavy aircraft can be of extremely high velocity and hazardous to smaller aircraft. Fr: tourbillon en bout d'aile. Please, send every word, or group of words, twice. Topographic information includes cities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinctive landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical information includes visual and radio aids to navigation, airports, airways, restricted areas, obstacles, and other pertinent data. World Geodetic System The geodetic coordinate reference system used in international civil aviation that allows the user to mathematically describe in degrees of latitude and longitude any position on the earth's surface.
WGS uses a global set of ground stations as references. Phone: Fax: E-mail: guy. Users of the Glossary are encouraged to offer any feedback they may deem useful for the continued evolution of this glossary. Please send your comments or suggestions to:. In response, we have issued some transportation-related measures and guidance.
Please check if any of these measures apply to you. You may experience longer than usual wait times or partial service interruptions. If you cannot get through, please contact us by email. Transport Canada Web sites do not automatically gather any specific personal information from you, such as your name, phone number or email address. You will not receive a reply. For enquiries, please contact us. Advisory Circular AC No.
From: Transport Canada. It describes an example of an acceptable means, but not the only means, of demonstrating compliance with regulations and standards. This AC on its own does not change, create, amend or permit deviations from regulatory requirements, nor does it establish minimum standards. This information is also available to the aviation industry for information purposes. The Commission recommended that a number of aeronautical documents be published in French as well as in English, and that Transport Canada TC provide material in French for training.
It had stated, in , that "The standardization of terminology is an important factor in maintaining and improving air safety.
In , the Aerospace Medical Association recognized that "Precise and mutually comprehensible speech communication is essential for safe air operations. This involves the development and use of accurate technical terminology evolved from accumulated experience. As part of its findings, in , the Canadian Airspace Review recommended the development and publication of a glossary of aeronautical terms and definitions used by Canadian pilots, controllers and flight service specialists, in order to avoid potential misunderstandings between them, particularly during international operations.
This glossary is not a regulatory document, but serves rather to illustrate the aeronautical terminology used in Canada and emphasize any differences in terms or definitions as used by ICAO or the FAA. The committee meets at least twice a year at TC 's Headquarters to discuss relevant terms to be added or updated as needed. Prior to the meetings, the Aviation Terminology Standardization Division makes and receives proposals and carries out all the necessary research in order to prepare the terminology case files.
All new term proposals must be vetted by a designated member of the committee before they are presented. Following the meetings, an official decision record is drafted to document all decisions made, and it is signed by the signatory members of the committee before any changes are introduced by the Aviation Terminology Standardization Division. The Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel is updated regularly as the ANS evolves and in response to operational requirements that may result from the introduction of new communications, navigation, surveillance and air traffic management technologies.
Glossary entries are composed of terms or abbreviations and are listed in absolute alphabetical order letter by letter. If numeral entries are present, they are alphabetized as if they were spelled out. Quotation marks surrounding an entry indicate that it is an element of the phraseology used by pilots, controllers and flight service specialists. Each entry is followed by a block of information containing a definition or a main cross reference.
When an entry is specific to a particular context , a marker identifying the context in which the entry is used e. A key to these abbreviations is provided in paragraph 2. Any other foreign words used in blocks of information are also written in italics.
When a term or expression denotes more than one concept , each concept is defined in a separate block of information and each block of information is numbered. There is an exception to this rule, however: numbers under 10 are written without the space separating thousands from hundreds to Generally, the imperial system of measures has been used in the definitions. In some instances, the metric system has also been used. There are conversion tables at the end of the Glossary to facilitate conversion into imperial or metric units.
Fr: interrompre aborted landing A planned landing that is discontinued for reasons such as conflicting traffic, weather, or landing surface obstacles. Fr: AIRAC Canada airborne collision avoidance system An aircraft system based on secondary surveillance radar SSR transponder signals which operates independently of ground-based equipment to provide advice to the pilot on potential conflicting aircraft that are equipped with SSR transponders.
The categories are as follows: Category A—speed up to 90 kt ; Category B—speed of 91 to kt ; Category C—speed of to kt ; Category D—speed of to kt ; and Category E—speed above kt.
Fr: dirigeable air show An aerial display or demonstration before an assembly of persons by one or more aircraft. Fr: circulation en vol rasant air traffic All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome. Fr: service d'alerte alert notice A message requesting that communications search be expanded to all potential landing sites in the defined search area.
Fr: altitude au-dessus du sol altitude above sea level The altitude expressed in feet measured above sea level. Fr: altitude au-dessus du niveau de la mer altitude readout Altitude information displayed in a digital target tag, a hold list or a suspend list. Fr: affichage d'altitude altitude readout value The altitude figures currently displayed in an altitude readout.
Fr: chiffres d'affichage d'altitude altitude reservation An airspace of defined dimensions within controlled airspace, reserved for the use of a civil or military agency during a specified period. Fr: autorisation d'approche approach control facility U. Fr: feux d'approche approach mode Other expression for: final approach mode approach procedure with vertical guidance An instrument approach procedure that utilizes lateral and vertical guidance but does not meet the requirements established for precision approach and landing operations.
Fr: altitude minimale de zone area navigation A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground- or space-based NAVAIDs or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these.
Fr: transmission automatique d'altitude automatic dependent surveillance A surveillance technique in which aircraft automatically provide, via a data link, data derived from on-board navigation and position-fixing systems, including aircraft identification, four-dimensional position and additional data as appropriate.
Fr: ballon bare and damp With respect to runway surface condition, appearing wet, but where the moisture cannot be readily detected. Fr: en dessous des minimums beyond visual line of sight Further than can be perceived by direct visual contact, thereby requiring technological support.
Fr: document d'aviation canadien Canadian Aviation Regulations The rules, enacted under the Aeoronautics Act , that govern civil aviation in Canada. Fr: plafond 2 ICAO : The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below m 20 ft covering more than half the sky. Fr: plaquettes de brouillage "Chaff burst" An expression used in radiocommunication to inform ATC of chaff drops at intervals short enough to appear on radar displays as an individual target.
Fr: « Chaff burst » change-over point A point along the route or airway segment between two adjacent navigation facilities where the change-over in navigation guidance should occur. Fr: minimums d'approche indirecte circling procedure A manoeuvre initiated by the pilot to align the aircraft with a runway for landing when a straight-in landing from an instrument approach is not possible or is not desirable.
Fr: circuit 2 Other expression for: aerodrome traffic circuit CIRVIS A plan developed for the reporting of vital intelligence sightings to extend the early-warning coverage of the North American continent.
Fr: limite d'autorisation "Clearance valid. For a departing aircraft: An expression used to indicate ATC authorization for an aircraft to execute manoeuvres other than a normal takeoff e. After such a manoeuvre, the pilot is expected to exit the runway by the most expeditious way rather than backtrack the runway.
Fr: plan de vol composite composite route system An organized oceanic route structure that incorporates reduced lateral spacing between-routes and in which composite separation is authorized.
Fr: espacement composite compulsory reporting point A reporting point over which an aircraft must report to ATC. Fr: point de compte rendu obligatoire conflict The actual or predicted convergence of aircraft that violates one or more separation minima. Fr: conflit conflict alert A function of certain ATC automated systems that is designed to alert radar controllers to existing or pending situations that are recognized by the program parameters and require immediate attention or action.
Fr: recherche de conflit constant descent final approach Other expression for: continuous descent final approach CDFA "Contact. Fr: « Contactez… » "Contact" An expression used in radiocommunication meaning "Visual contact has been established. Fr: approche contact contact point A specified position, time or level at which an aircraft is required to establish radio communication with an ATC unit.
Fr: surface critique cross-country flight A flight between a point of departure and a point of arrival following a pre-planned route using standard navigation procedures. Fr: composante de vent de travers crosswind leg A flight path extending from the extended centreline of the departure end of the departure runway or departure path to the beginning of the downwind leg.
Fr: zone dangereuse dangerous goods Articles or substances that could pose a significant risk to health, safety, property or the environment. Fr: couverture effective electronic counter-countermeasures The division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to ensure friendly, effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum despite the enemy's use of electronic warfare. Fr: autorisation en-route en-route climb performance ICAO : The climb or descent performance with the aeroplane in the en-route configuration with: a the critical power-unit inoperative; and b the critical two power-unit inoperative in the case of aeroplanes having three or more power-units.
Fr: performance ascensionnelle en-route en-route descent Descent from the en-route cruising altitude. Fr: descente en-route entry fix The first reporting point over which an aircraft passes or is expected to pass upon entering a flight information region FIR or control area CTA. Fr: route d'exercice exit fix The last reporting point over which an aircraft passes or is expected to pass before leaving a flight information region FIR or a control area CTA.
Fr: cible plastron fan marker Other expression for: fan marker beacon abbreviation: FM fan marker beacon A type of non-directional beacon NDB , the emissions of which radiate in a vertical fan-shaped pattern. Fr: vol de convoyage FI Abbreviation for: flight itinerary Fr: FI FIC Abbreviation for: flight information centre Fr: FIC field elevation Other expression for: aerodrome elevation final An expression commonly used to mean that an aircraft is on the final approach course or is aligned with a landing area.
Fr: finale final approach Canada: Other expression for: final approach segment 1 final approach and takeoff area A defined area over which the final phase of the approach manoeuvre of a helicopter to hover or to land is completed and from which the takeoff manoeuvre is commenced.
Fr: segment d'approche finale final approach waypoint The waypoint of a non-precision instrument approach procedure IAP where the final approach segment commences. Fr: message consultatif en vol flight advisory service DND : Expression for: aerodrome advisory service AAS flight data Data regarding the actual or intended movement of aircraft, normally presented in coded or abbreviated form.
Fr: information de vol flight information centre 1 Canada: A centralized ATS unit that provides services pertinent to pre-flight and the en-route phase of flight.
In the U. Fr: centre d'information de vol 2 ICAO : A unit established to provide flight information service and alerting service. Fr: inspection en vol flight itinerary Specified information regarding the intended flight of an aircraft that is provided to a responsible person, an ATS unit, or a community aerodrome radio station CARS.
Fr: axe de vol flight management system An aircraft computer system that uses a large database to allow routes to be programmed and fed into the system by means of a data loader.
Fr: trajectoire de vol flight plan Specified information regarding the intended flight of an aircraft that is provided to an ATS unit or a community aerodrome radio station CARS. Fr: bureau des plans de vol flight plan unique identifier Canada: An electronically generated numeric or alpha-numeric code that can be used as an ATS system confirmation of message delivery and receipt.
Fr: temps de vol flight visibility The average range of forward visibility at any given time from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight. Fr: objet intrus forest fire area An area on the surface of the earth upon which standing timber, grass or any other vegetation or buildings are smouldering or burning.
Fr: zone libre frequency family A family of frequencies in the aeronautical mobile R service that contains two or more frequencies selected from different aeronautical mobile R bands and that is intended to permit communications at any time within the authorized area of use between aircraft stations and appropriate aeronautical stations.
Fr: carburant restant fuel siphoning Other expression for: fuel venting fuel venting The unintentional release of fuel caused by overflow, puncture, loose cap, etc. Fr: planeur glide slope Other expression for: glide path GP abbreviation: GS global navigation satellite system Any navigation system that satisfies stated international navigational requirements using satellite technology. Fr: « Continuez » "Go around" An expression used in radiocommunications to instruct a pilot to abandon an approach or landing.
Fr: « Remettez les gaz » go-around The procedure followed by a pilot who decides to abandon an approach or landing. Fr: effet de sol ground proximity warning system An electronic system that automatically provides flight crew members on an aircraft in flight with a timely and distinctive warning that the aircraft is in potentially hazardous proximity to the earth's surface. Fr: trafic au sol ground visibility In respect of an aerodrome, the visibility at that aerodrome as contained in a weather observation reported by a an ATC unit; b an FSS or FIC ; c a community aerodrome radio station CARS ; d an automated weather observation system AWOS used by the Department of Transport, the Department of National Defence or the Atmospheric Environment Service for the purpose of making aviation weather observations; or e a radio station that is ground-based and operated by an air operator.
Fr: transfert hang glider A motorless heavier-than-air aircraft deriving its lift from surfaces that remain fixed in flight, designed to carry not more than two persons and having a launch weight of 45 kg Fr: aile libre HAT Abbreviation for: height above touchdown see: height above touchdone zone elevation Fr: HAT "Have numbers" An expression used by pilots to indicate that they have received runway, wind and altimeter information only.
Fr: « J'ai l'information » hazardous situation In ATS usage, an occurrence in which flight safety was jeopardized. Fr: situation dangereuse HDG Abbreviation for: heading Fr: HDG heading The direction in which the longitudinal axis of an aircraft is pointed, usually expressed in degrees from north true, magnetic, compass or grid north. Fr: aerodyne "Heavy" An expression used in radiocommunications to indicate that an aircraft is certified for a maximum take-off weight of kg lb or more.
Fr: zone d'attente holding fix A specified location, identified by visual or other means, in the vicinity of which the position of an aircraft in flight is maintained in accordance with ATC clearances. Fr: point chaud hover check An expression used to describe the situation when a helicopter or vertical takeoff and landing aircraft VTOL requires a stabilized hover to conduct a performance or power check prior to hover taxi, air taxi or takeoff.
Fr: angle de site de l'alignement de descente ILS ILS reference datum A point at a specified height that is located vertically above the intersection of the runway centreline and the threshold and through which the downward extended straight portion of the glide path GP passes. Fr: service d'information initial DND : A point 3 to 5 mi. Fr: point initial initial approach Canada: Other expression for: initial approach segment 1 initial approach fix The fix of an instrument approach procedure IAP at which the aircraft leaves the en-route phase of operations to commence the approach.
Fr: segment d'approche initiale initial approach waypoint The waypoint of an instrument approach procedure IAP at which the aircraft leaves the en-route phase of operations to commence the approach. Fr: contact initial initial point On the H-hour control line, the point at which the faker route portion of the exercise begins. Fr: carte d'approche aux instruments instrument approach procedure A series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply.
Fr: conditions de vol aux instruments instrument flight rules A set of rules governing the conduct of flight under instrument meteorological conditions IMC. Fr: piste aux instruments intended runway A runway at an aerodrome intended by a pilot for landing or departing. Fr: interrogateur intersecting runways Two or more runways that cross or meet within their lengths.
Fr: courant-jet jettisoning of external stores The airborne release of external stores, e. Golf Score Log Playing golf is exercise, isn't it? Keep track of what you eat, calories, and water intake. Blood Sugar Log Track your blood sugar using a simple printable log. Blood Pressure Log Track your blood pressure using a simple printable log. Weight Loss Log Print a weight loss log to keep in a drawer or cabinet next to where you weigh yourself each day.
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